Jonglei State is 100% SPLM: Governor Philip Aguer
6 min readBy Mach Samuel Peter, Bor, Jonglei state
November 24, 2016 (SSB) — The vision of SPLM/A liberation struggle is getting deem and darker again in some parts of South Sudan nevertheless the government of Jonglei State under H.E. Philip Aguer Panyang Jot and the organized military wings have cultivate the youthful of patriotism, positive liberation struggle’s history and untold suffering of SPLM/SPLA founders that moved South Sudan to where it is today.
As a result of the South Sudanese Civil War in 2013-2014, the SPLM factionalized into the SPLM-Juba, led by President Salva Kiir, and SPLM-Pagak led by former Vice President Riek Machar, SPLM former detainees led by Pagam Amum Okech, etc. In Jonglei state youth unions, associations and women groups pledge their allegiance and support to the Sudan Peoples’ Liberation Movement.
In his famous speeches, Dr. John Garang De Mabior Atem, the founder of SPLM and the father of South Sudan as a nation said the objective of liberation (of armed struggle) is firstly the riddance of oppression and exploitation and the simultaneous creation of conditions and structures for the permanent (continuous) release of our productive forces, which have been so historically damned, deformed, stunted and impeded by exploitation, oppression and humiliation.
The campaign rebranding the SPLM leadership as looters, and a tribal army has just begun somewhere in the republic of South Sudan, where some communities being driven by externalities and political interests have forgotten of the Arab and other foreign aggressions that the SPLA/SPLM have fought against and won the victory for the attainment of hard earned South Sudan independence.
The governor said that it is apparently unfortunate that the Sudan People’s Liberation movement SPLAM is being mottled daily by warlords of the ever dissatisfied politicians who less contributed to South Sudan independence. The Sudan peoples’ liberation movement SPLM has over 300 members of parliament in South Sudan legislative assembly and dominates representation in the South Sudan council of states. Meanwhile the governors of 28 states are SPLM chairman in their respective states; their cabinets seemingly solely consist of SPLM minister despite the presence of other political parties in the states.
In anticipation of the recent crisis of 2013 and 2016, former guerrillas who stabbed the liberation struggle on the back, have found themselves betrayed by their evil actions.
The Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) is a political party in South Sudan. It was initially founded as the political wing of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army SPLA, a key protagonist of the Second Sudanese Civil War in 1983. On January 9, 2005 the SPLA, SPLM and Government of Sudan signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, ending the civil war. SPLM then obtained representation in the Government of Sudan, and was the main constituent of the Government of the then semi-autonomous Southern Sudan.
When South Sudan became a sovereign state on 9 July 2011, SPLM became the ruling party of the new republic. SPLM branches in Sudan separated themselves from SPLM, forming the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-North. Further factionalism appeared as a result of the 2013-2014 South Sudanese Civil War, with President Salva Kiir leading the SPLM-Juba and former Vice President Riek Machar leading the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-in-Opposition.
The SPLM as a rebel movement was formed on 16 May 1983, after the Sudan government’s abandonment of the Addis Ababa agreement signed between the Gaafar Nimeiry government and the Anyanya leader Joseph Lagu 1972, who had first introduced the Southern Sudanese to the effective political, economic, social, educational, and religious situations they would face after Sudan’s independence.
The movement published a manifesto setting out its positions and attracted a group of rebellious south Sudanese soldiers of the Sudanese Army based in Bor, Pochalla, and Ayod (first called the Bor Mutiny). These joined remnants of the Anyanya rebels of the First Sudanese Civil War based in Ethiopia.
Founders of the SPLM/A included C-in-C Dr. John Garang De Mabior, Captain Salva Kiir Mayardit, Samuel AbuJohn Khabas, Major William Nyuon Bany, Major Kerubino Kuanyin Bol, Joseph Oduho, Martin Majier Gai and many other South Sudanese officers of the Sudan armed forces.
It fought against the governments of Gaafar Nimeiry, Sadiq al-Mahdi and Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir in what is now called the Second Sudanese Civil War. SPLA/M’s declared aim was to establish a democratic Sudan with it as the leading party in control of the southern areas. The war has been largely described in religious and ethnic terms, and also as a struggle for control of the water and oil resources located in southern and western Sudan.
In early 1991, the SPLA-Nasir faction led by Dr Riek Machar and Dr Lam Akol attempted to overthrow chairman Garang. The attempt failed but led to widespread fighting in the south and the formation of other rebel groups, such as Kerubino Kwanyin Bol’s SPLA Bahr-al-Ghazal faction. These internal divisions hampered negotiations with the government. SPLA-Nasir renamed itself SPLA-United and then transformed itself, with substantial personnel changes, into the South Sudan Independence Movement/Army. Several smaller factions signed the Khartoum Peace Agreement with the government in April 1997 and formed the United Democratic Salvation Front (UDSF).
In July 1992, a government offensive seized southern Sudan, and captured the SPLA headquarters in Torit. The Sudanese government accused Uganda and Eritrea of supporting the SPLA/M, who were alleged to have operated on the Ugandan side of the Sudanese border with Uganda at the southern limit of Sudan.
The government of Sudan has been associated with Islam and Arab descent and culture since then, in deep contrast with the SPLM, associated instead with Africanism, indigenous beliefs, and African culture and, in a measure, Christianity.
In 2005, a treaty between the SPLA/M and the Sudanese government led to the formal recognition of Southern Sudanese autonomy. SPLM joined the government as part of the 2005 peace agreement, gaining about one-third of government positions. On 11 October 2007, the SPLM withdrew from the government, alleging violations of the peace agreement; this raised concerns about the future of the agreement. But the party chairman comrade Salva Kiir Mayardit promised the citizen not to go back to war which lost 2.5 million lives.
Some politicians have described as SPLM as deformed beyond reform meanwhile the SPLM leadership believe that patriotism lives only in the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement then in any other political party. The government and people of Jonglei state have always pledged their support to the SPLM/SPLA whatsoever.
Mach Samuel is a South Sudanese journalist. He can be reached at machsamuelpeter@gmail.com
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