Why South Sudan should Consider Accountability as an Aspects of Governance
By Mel Arel Mel, Juba, South Sudan
Sunday, February 21, 2021 (PW) — South Sudanese should have to consider accountability as an aspects of governance, it has been control to discussions related to problems in the public sector, nonprofits, private (corporate) and individual contexts in leadership roles. South Sudanese citizens who are working in public sector should have to be account because, it’s also defined as the knowledgement and assumptions of responsibility for actions, products, decisions and policies including the administration within the scope of role or employement position and encompassing the obligation to report, explain and be answerable for resulting consequences in south Sudan governance.
Citizens should mange public sectors or nonprofits funds properly. because accountability is frequently described as an account given relationship between individuals e.g ” former minister is accountable to current minister ” when the ex_minister is obliged to inform incumbent minister about (past and future) actions and decisions to justify then, suffer punishment in case of eventual misconduct. fellows citizens of this country must to know that accountability can’t exist without proper accounting practicing in the words. an absence of accounting means an absence of accountability, another key that contribute to accountability is good records of management. the bellows are types of accountabilities to be applied in south Sudan working institutions.
POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY: Is accountability when a politician makes choices on behalf of people and people have ability to reward or sanction politician. South Sudanese should applied this method of accountability to reduce public emblezzment of funds by some politicians, in representatives democracies countries citizens delegate power to elected officials through periodic elections in order to represent or act in their interest. Citizens can rely a rewards to politician who might otherwise act antithetical to the people interest.
ELECTORAL ACCOUNTABILITY: Refers to citizens using vote to remove politicians, but the other form of political accountability do exist. some researchers have considered the accountability using formal theory, which makes assumptions about the state of representatives accountable through the process of sanctioning voters voting the incumbent out in office is response to power performance. voters choosing candidates based on who will best represent their interests, is another method by which voters holds their representatives accountable. these method of accountability can occur simultaneously with south Sudanese voters holding representatives.
SELECTORATE ACCOUNTABILITY: Refers to accountability that built into institution of the state by a habit of regular elections, an account in autocratic regimes. It relies on a selectorate group that legitimizes or delegitimizes the autocrats powers, according to selectorate theory the primary mechanism is disposal to deposition. which is a form of exist beyond that institutions can act as credible restraints on autocracy as well.
CIVIL SOCIETY ACCOUNTABILITY: We south Sudanese needs voluntary associations, interest groups to run associational activities that can improve the performance of government. suggest from researchers also shown that civil society organizations, such as NGO,s can improve the performance of local government according to central government standards by monitoring and disclosing information about local government performance in authorization regimes.
ADMINISTRATIVE ACCOUNTABILITY: Is consists of internal rules and norms as some independent commission are mechanisms to hold civil servants within the administrative of government accountable. within departments or ministry ”firstly” behavior is bound by rules and regulations. ”Secondly” civil servants are subordinates in a hierarchy and accountable to superiors nonetheless, there are independent “watchdogs” units to scrutinize and hold departments accountable. legitimacy of these commissions is built upon their independence as it avoids any conflicts of interests.
2. FREEDOM OF SPEECH:
Is a main idea that support the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship or legal sanction. We south Sudanese people demand an action to freedom of speech which inclusive freedom of expression, is sometimes used synonymousy but includes any act of seeking, receiving and importing information or ideas regardless of the medium used.
Freedom of expression is recognized as a human right under article (19) of the universal declaration of human rights (UDHR) and recognized in international human rights law in the international Covenant on civil and political rights (ICCPR) article (19) of the (UDHR) states that ”everyone shall have rights to freedom of expression” this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and import information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, writing or print an in_form of art, through any other media of his/her choice” the versions of article (19) in the (ICCPR) later amends by stating that the exercise of these rights carries “special duties and responsibilities “and may ” therefore be subject to certain restrictions “when necessary, respect of the rights or reputation of others” or public health and morals.
Freedom of speech and expression “therefore may not be recognizd as being absolute and common limitations or boundaries to freedom of speech relate to libel, slander, obscenity, pornograpy, sedition, incitement, fighting words, classified information, copyright violation, trade secrets, food labeling, non disclosure agreement, the right to privacy, dignity, the right to be forgotten, public security and perjury.
3. RULES OF LAWS:
Is a principle that all people and institutions are subject and accountable to law that is fairly applied to and enforced, the principle of government by law. Rule of laws described as the mechanism, process, institution practice, or norm that supports the equality of all citizens before the law, secures a nonaribitrary form of government and more generally prevents the arbitrary use of power, arbitrariness, is typical of various form despotism, absolutism, authoritarianism and totalitarianism. despotic government include even highly institutionalized forms of rule in which the entity at the apex of the power structure such as, president, ministers or a party committees is capable of acting without the constraints of law when it wishes to do so.
4. SECURITY SECTOR REFORMS:
Generally defined as a process of transforming the security sector to strengthen accountability, effectiveness and respect for human rights and the rules of laws. South Sudanese citizens to consider security sector reform in governing people to abroad term used, to describe the structures, institutions and personnel responsible for the management, provision and oversight of security in the country. Security sector reforms strives toward improving security sector governance, action referring to multi_stakeholders oversight process by which security is internally governed.
Government of South Sudan should submitts the following security sector in governing citizens: √ security forces are capable of delivering security professionally, at a reasonable cost and in away that helps to secure the rule of law. √ security forces are overseen by, and accountable to, democratically_constituted civilians authorities in charge of their activities. √ security sector is representative of the population as a whole.
It is inclusive, adequately reflecting a country various communities and gender sensitive. √ security forces operate transparently providing information to the public. √ a country security objectives and policies are set out in a national security policy and its supporting documents that define the respective tasks and responsibilities of the various components of security sector. √ The security sector is accountable to a robust judicial and legal framework.√ civil society and non_governmental actors with a role in monitoring the governance of security sector are active and operate independently. √ domestic security sector actors are well integrated into regional and international security frameworks.
5. EDUCATION REFORMS:
Is the goal of changing public education interms of educational theory and practice. where education reform once focused on inputs, it now focuses on outputs, such as student achievement, education reforms may try to address inequalities including those pertaining to poverty, gender and class. South Sudan have to puts the policy to eradicate the challenges facing education :
√ Teacher policy
Is a policy that address the preparation, recruitment and retention of teachers. another policy is guided by the same overall and essential characteristics as the wider education policy. It contexts sensitive overall objectives and major challenges to be addressed, the funding to achieve these objectives, demographic parameters of the learners populations and human resources required to achieve universally accessible quality education should be addressed in a comprehensive teacher policy.
√ Anti_schooling activistism√ Multiculturalism √ Political correctness √ Special assistance program √ Learning environment √ Teaching for social justice √ Learning space √ University reform √ Merit pay √ Educational philosophies√ Criterion referenced test √ Higher order thinking √ Inquiry _based science √ Certificate of initial mastery
6. AGRICULTURE REFORMS:
A set of laws relating to domestic agricultures products which govern. Usually implement agricultural policies with the goal of achieving a specific, outcome in the domestic agricultural sector, such as redistribution of agricultural land, or broadly to an overall redirection of the agrarian system of the country, which often includes land reform measures, training extension, land consolidative etc.
The following are practices of Agriculture which will reform South Sudan into Agriculture standards.√ Agricultural robot √ Agricultural engineering √ Aeroponics √ building integrated agriculture √ Vertical farming √ Crofting √ Contract farming√ Remote sensing √ Agricultural aircraft √ Hill farming √ Corporate farming √ Pharmning (Genetics) √ Ecoagruation farming √ Agroecology √ List of documentary films about agriculture. √ Subsistence Economy
7. PROVISIONS OF EMPLOYEMENT:
Providing employement opportunities for all south Sudanese youths is the single most effective means of tackling poverty and social exclusions. employment enables individuals to improve their living standards, it also makes constructive use of human resources, in modern economy countries that succeed are those provide best out of all their citizens. Residents in towns and cities should share in higher living standards through employment, individuals not in employement must be willing to take advantage of employement opportunities and employers must be willing to consider the widest range of people for the jobs an offer. better quality of life for all can be delivered by changing the welfare of South Sudanese culture to one is built on work and security.
You can reach the author via his email address: melarelmel12@gmail.com or +211924797966
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