The Long Road to Reforms: South Sudan’s Struggle for an Indiscipline-Free Army
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Commander John Garang and Commander Salva Kiir in Rumbek, during the war of liberation struggle
By Emmanuel Malual Makuach, Nairobi, Kenya
Monday, 20 November 2023 (PW) — As an experienced journalist who has witnessed numerous conflicts resulting from the lack of discipline within South Sudan’s army, I have closely followed the country’s tumultuous journey from 2013 to 2016. South Sudan, a nation marked by violence and plagued by internal strife, has faced many hardships that have left its citizens disheartened and divided.
Amidst the chaos, the government finds itself at the receiving end of blame for its failure to implement much-needed reforms within the national army. The lack of discipline and accountability has only fueled discontent among the people, who yearn for a professional and reliable force to safeguard their nation.
Over the years, I’ve interviewed countless individuals affected by the indiscipline within the army – from innocent civilians caught in the crossfire to soldiers disillusioned by the system. Their stories paint a grim picture of institutional failures, power struggles, and political interference hindering the progress of meaningful reforms.
On the one hand, critics argue that the government’s inability to address these issues stems from a lack of political will and a desire to retain control over critical military apparatus. Others point fingers at ethnic rebellions that have fueled ongoing conflicts, exacerbating the challenges of carrying out necessary reforms.
The consequences of this indiscipline are dire for South Sudan’s citizens. Communities have been torn apart, families displaced, and livelihoods destroyed.
Many people began to express their concerns, believing that additional training was necessary to ensure the forces were physically and mentally prepared. They believed that for the army to become a true symbol of professionalism, serious reforms were needed at all levels, from national security and military intelligence to criminal investigations.
The citizens yearned for a professional army that transcended ethnic or tribal affiliations. They sought an army that would unite the diverse people of South Sudan, standing as a symbol of their shared aspirations and values.
It became clear that extensive measures were required to transform the national army into a force that would inspire confidence, trust, and unity. Leaders and officials recognised the urgent need to invest in comprehensive training programs that would equip the soldiers with the necessary skills and mindset to protect the nation effectively.
Reforms became a top priority, aiming to create a structured, disciplined, and accountable military force. Implementing new policies emphasised the importance of meritocracy and professionalism while addressing issues of corruption and nepotism.
Additionally, mental health and resilience training were introduced to ensure that soldiers could cope with the mental demands of their roles. It was understood that a strong and stable mind was just as crucial as physical fitness on the battlefield.
The overhaul extended beyond the military itself. The justice system and criminal investigation units were revamped to ensure impartiality, transparency, and adherence to the rule of law. This enabled the army to focus on their primary duty, confident that justice would prevail.
People from all walks of life were inspired by the dedication and commitment of the new generation of soldiers. They took pride in their army and celebrated the achievements of the unified forces, recognising that together, they could overcome any challenge they faced.
As the story unfolds, the transformation journey continues, reminding everyone that through unity and perseverance, a nation can build a professional army that is a source of pride and security for all its citizens.
The author, Emmanuel Malual Makuach, is a South Sudanese researcher and analyst on the role of social media that triggered conflict in December 2013, who can be reached via his email address: Jamal Karim <malualmakuach77@gmail.com>
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